Which document governs the management structure of a corporation after its incorporation?

The correct answer is the Articles of Incorporation, as it is the foundational document that establishes the existence of a corporation in a legal sense. Upon incorporation, this document not only outlines the basic details about the corporation—such as its name, purpose, and registered agent—but also provides important information about its initial management structure, including the responsibilities of the directors and the powers granted to the corporation.

While the Articles of Association and Corporate Charter may serve similar roles in different jurisdictions or contexts, they typically relate to the internal governance and operational rules of the corporation rather than its initial management structure as established in the Articles of Incorporation. A Shareholder Agreement, on the other hand, is a contract among the shareholders that governs their rights and obligations toward each other, but it does not establish the corporation itself or its management framework following incorporation. Thus, the Articles of Incorporation is indeed the document that governs the management structure immediately after a corporation is incorporated.